拉丁語法律術語列表 英語 List of Latin legal terms 是在法律術語 及中所使用的相關拉丁語術語之列表 而本條項這些 拉丁語法律術語 只是部分列表 列表中的法律術語條項本身全部 或者實質上均源自於拉丁語 普通法A B C D E F G H I J L M N O P Q R S T U V 参见 参考资料 外部链接 術語或短語 英語翻譯 中文翻譯a fortiori much more so from the stronger case with stronger reason with greater force 何況 更不用說 更加 更有理由a posteriori from what comes after inductive reasoning 憑經驗的 推溯 歸納 由果溯因a priori from what comes before deductive reasoning 先驗的 推理 演繹 由因及果a quo from which 來自 由此ab initio from the beginning 一開始 從一開始 由最初開始 自始actus reus guilty act 犯罪行為ad hoc for this purpose 特設 專責ad idem of the same thing or result of the same mind essentially the same 一致 同心 意見相同ad infinitum without limit 永遠 無限ad litem for the suit 為了訴訟的目的ad valorem according to value 從價allocatur it is allowed 訟費評定證明書alter ego other self 藉法人假借的身分amicus curiae friend of the court 法庭之友 不屬訴訟一方而主動或應法庭邀請就案件提供意見或協助的人 animus possidendi intention to possess a thing 管有意圖 擁有某物的意圖animus testandi intention to make a testament or will 訂立遺囑的意圖bona vacantia goods that belong to no one 無主財物casus belli case belligerent 宣戰原因 足以引起戰爭的挑釁 開戰理由caveat emptor let the buyer beware 買者自慎certiorari to be apprised 移審令 移審令狀 移審撤銷令Cessante ratione legis cessat et ipsa lex When the reason of the law ceases the law itself also ceases 法律本身隨法理消失而告終compos mentis master of one s mind full possession of mental powers 精神健全consensus ad idem a meeting of minds 意見一致 達成協議contra proferentem the words of a contract are to be taken most strongly against the person who proposes it in full verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem 解釋合約條文時應以不利於條文提出者的解釋為準 的原則 coram non judice not before a judge or before a judge not authorised to take cognizance 不在法官席前 在無審判權的法官席前corpus delicti the body of a crime 犯罪事實 犯罪遺體 罪體corpus juris the body of law the law as the sum of laws 法令大全 法典crimen falsi the crimes of falsifying dishonesty fraud corruption perjury forgery etc also falsi crimen 與偽造 欺詐 貪污 作偽證等有關的罪行curia advisari vult cur adv vult the court will advise the court will consider 容後判決trespass de bonis asportatis trespass for carrying goods away trespass to goods 侵害動產行為 侵物行為de bonis non administratis d b n of the goods not administered 待管遺產 未作管理的遺產 未分配的遺產de facto of fact in fact 事實上 事實 實際上de jure of law according to law 法律上 法律 按照法律的De minimis non curat lex The law does not take account of trifles 法律不問瑣事de minimis principle 法律不問瑣事 的原則de novo anew 更始 重新Deorum injuriae diis curae The gods take care of injuries to the gods 得罪神者 神將自罰之 刑法上的褻瀆罪屬侵害公眾的罪行 而非侵害神明的罪行 dictum a saying 法官的意見doli incapax incapable of guilt 無犯罪能力 無能力犯罪donatio mortis causa gift in contemplation of death also gift mortis causa 臨終贈予 臨終贈與 臨終遺贈 預期死亡而作出的贈與duces tecum bring with you 着令攜帶文件出庭ejusdem generis as of the same kind 同類 同類原則et sequentes et seq and those which follow 以及下列各項 以及其後的 及以下的ex aequo et bono of equity and the good 公平善意原則ex ante from before based on assumption and prediction 事前 預期ex cathedra from the chair with authority 來自權威方面ex delicto from a tort offence against the law in tort 在侵權法上 由於侵權而引起的 訴訟 ex facie from the face in view of what is apparent 形式上 從表面看ex gratia out of grace as a favour not by legal necessity 特惠ex officio by virtue of one s office 當然 依職權ex parte from a party from or on behalf of only one side to a law suit 單方面ex post from after based on knowledge and facts 具追溯力的 根據過去ex post facto form what is done afterward after the fact 事後 事後的ex proprio motu of his own motion 出於自願的 自動作出的 主動作出exempli gratia e g for the sake of example as an example 例如extant existing 現存 維持factum a fact a thing done 已發生的事 既成之事felo de se felon of himself suicide 自殺fiat let it be done 指令 准照fieri facias may you cause to be done 財物扣押writ of fieri facias may you cause to be done 扣押債務人財產令狀 財物扣押令forum non conveniens an inappropriate forum 不便審理的法院 不便訴訟地functus officio having performed his her office 職份已完 權責終結gravamen of the offence 罪行重點guardian ad litem 訴訟監護人 辯護監護人writ of habeas corpus may you have the body 人身保護令 人身保護令狀hostis humani generis enemy of the human race 人類公敵in absentia being absent from 缺席in camera in a chamber 以非公開形式 在法官私室 審議 閉門in curia within or of the court in open court 在法庭內in esse in being in actual existence 確實存在的in extenso in full at length unabridged 全文 未經刪減 詳盡in forma pauperis in the form of a poor person not liable for court costs 以貧窮者身分免付訟費in futuro in the future 將來的in limine on the threshold 最初 開始in loco parentis in the place of a parent 代替父母地位 身居父母地位in pari delicto in equal fault 同樣有錯 皆有過失In pari delicto melior est conditio possidentis When both parties are equally at fault the position of the possessor is the better 在雙方皆有過失的情況下管有者佔優勢In pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis In a case of equal or mutual fault the defending party is in the better position 在雙方皆有過失的情況下被告人佔優勢in pari materia upon an analogous matter or subject 在類似情況下 關於同一事宜in personam against a person 對人in propria persona in one s own person 無律師代表 親自 出庭 in re in the matter of regarding 有關 事宜 關於 事in rem against a thing 對物in situ in place back in place 原址 在原處 就地in terrorem in order to frighten 威嚇性的 警告性的in toto entirely completely wholly 整個 全部 完全indicia indications 標誌 記號 證明 象徵infra below 以下 在下面的injuria absque damno injury without damage also injuria sine damno 沒有造成損害的法律過失 不產生賠償權 injuria sine damno injury without damage 未造成損害的侵權行為innuendo by nodding meaning to wit that is to say 影射 暗指 狀書的註解 譏諷 附註句inter alia among other things 其中包括 連同其他事宜inter se between or among themselves 相互之間inter vivos between living persons from one living person to another 在世時 生者之間gift inter vivos between living persons from one living person to another 生者之間的贈予intra vires within the powers of 在權限以內ipse dixit he himself said it bare assertion 未經證實之言 武斷的話 親口所述的未經證實之言ipsissima verba the selfsame words 一如其言 確切原文ipso facto by that very fact by its very nature regardless of right or wrong 因此事實entail ipso jure the law itself 在法律上 導致jurat He swears 誓章末處jus law right justice 權利 法 法則 法律jus accrescendi right of survivorship 尚存者取得權jus ad bellum right to war 戰爭權jus civile law of the citizen also civil law 民事法律 民法 私法jus cogens coercive law 強制性法則jus gentium the law of nations international law 國際法 國際法律 國際間的法律jus in bello law in war law of war 戰爭法jus naturale the law of nature private natural right natural law 自然法則plea of jus tertii the right of a third party plea of the right of a third party 第三方權利之訴lacuna void gap 法律漏洞 空白 空隙 缺陷 脫漏lacuna in legislative provisions void gap 法律條文的空隙lacuna in the evidence void gap 證據上的空隙lex fori the law of the forum or court 審判地法lex loci actus the law of the place where an act is done 行為地法lex loci celebrationis the law of the place where a ceremony is performed 儀式舉行地法lex loci contractus the law of the place where a contract is made 締約地法lex loci delictus the law of the place where the tort was committed 侵權行為發生地法lex situs the law of the place where the property is located also lex loci rei sitae 財產所在地法lex scripta written law 成文法lex non scripta unwritten law 不成文法lis pendens a suit pending in court suit pending in court 待決案件locus place 地點 場所 所在地locus actus place of the act 行事之地locus in quo the place where sth is alleged to have occurred 事發地 案發現場locus poenitentiae a place of repentance 反悔 改變主意等的機會 如在拍賣中撤回出價 合約義務形成前取消合約 正式達成協議前退出交易等的機會 locus sigilli L S the place of the seal 印章位置 蓋印處locus standi place of standing the right to bring an action or to be heard in a given forum 參與 的資格 出庭資格 發言權mala fide in bad faith also mala fides 不真誠 惡意malum in se evil in itself 本質上邪惡的malum prohibitum wrong merely because it is proscribed 法律禁止的mandamus we command 履行義務令 履行職務令 履行責任令order of mandamus we command 履行義務令 履行責任令writ of mandamus we command 履行義務令狀mens rea guilty mind 犯罪意圖 犯罪意念Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea An act does not make a person guilty unless his or her mind is guilty 沒有犯罪意圖的行為不構成犯罪causa mortis in contemplation of death 臨終作出的 預期死亡而作的succession mortis causa in contemplation of death 死亡繼承mutatis mutandis having changed the things that needed to be changed 在加以必要的變通後 加以必要的變通 可作必要的變通 在細節上經適當的修改後 經必要的變通後writ of ne exeat regno ne exeat regno let him not go out of the realm 防止被告人離開和移走財產令狀Nemo dat quod non habet He who hath not cannot give 不能給付自己沒有的東西 不能付出自己沒有的東西Nemo debet esse judex in propria causa No one should be judge in his own cause 無人可裁判自己的案件Nemo est supra leges No one is above the law 無人可凌駕於法律之上Nemo in propria causa testis esse debet No one can be a witness in his own cause 無人可在自己的案件中充當證人Nemo judex in causa sua No one should be a judge in one s own case 任何人不得成為自己案件的法官Iniquum est aliquem rei sui esse judicem It is unjust for anyone to be judge in his own cause 自審己案有違公正 nihil dicit nil dicit he she says nothing 不答辯 無答辯nisi unless 暫准nolle prosequi not to prosecute 中止檢控non compos mentis not of sound mind 精神不健全defence of non est factum not my deed 否認曾訂立合約 或聲稱簽署文件時不知道文件內容 的抗辯non liquet n l it is not clear 不明確 不能確定何地法律 適用案情不清novus actus interveniens a new intervening act 新介入的行為Noscitur a sociis It is known from its associates 詞義不清時 按上下文的文意理解nudum pactum nude pact a promise unsupported by consideration voluntary promise also nude contract 無償合約Nudum pactum ex quo non oritur actio A naked agreement is that from which no action arises 不能就無償合約興訟nulla bona no goods to levy no goods to levy 沒有財物可供檢取nunc pro tunc now for then 具追溯力的order nunc pro tunc now for then 事後補正的命令obiter dictum thing said in passing thing said in passing 判詞旁論 法官宣判時所提出的附帶意見Actori incumbit onus probandi The burden of proof rests upon the plaintiff 舉證責任在原告人ore tenus orally by word of mouth 口頭上par delictum equal wrong equal wrong 同等的過失pari passu with equal step at an equal pace 平等地 同時及同等地rank pari passu with equal step at an equal pace 享有同等權益sharing pari passu with equal step at an equal pace 享有同等權益pendente lite while the action is pending 訴訟待決期間 案件待決administrator pendente lite while the action is pending 訴訟待決期間遺產管理人administration pendente lite while the action is pending 訴訟待決期間的遺產管理per capita by head 按每個人計算per contra on the other hand 反之 對比 相反per curiam per cur by the court 用官判詞 由法庭作出的 由法院決定 引用法官判詞per incuriam through want of care or inadvertence 有疏漏的判決 疏忽所致per quod whereby 因此 歸咎於 由於defamation per quod whereby defamation requiring reference to additional facts 不明顯的誹謗 非直接的誹謗Quod per me non possum nec per lium What I cannot do in person also cannot do through the agency of another 凡自己不能作出的 亦不能假手於人per se of in or by itself inherently 本身defamation per se of in or by itself defamation by itself 本質即屬誹謗者Qui facit per alium facit per se A person who acts through another acts himself 代理人所作的等同於主事人所作per stirpes according to stock 按家系 無遺囑遺產分配辦法 post hoc ergo propter hoc after this therefore because of this confusing sequence with consequence 事隨其後 故必由此引起 時序與因果關係的混淆 post mortem examination after death 驗屍 死因檢驗prima facie at first sight on the face of it 表面pro bono publico for public good for the community as a whole 為了公眾利益pro forma for form as a matter of form 基於形式上的 形式上 既定格式pro hac vice for this occasion or particular purpose 只此一回 限於此目的pro rata in proportion ratably 按比例pro se on one s own behalf on one s own behalf 為個人 利益 親自 訴訟 Quilibet potest renunciare juri pro se introducto Every one may renounce or relinquish a right introduced for his own benefit 人人皆可放棄自己所獲之權利pro tanto for so much to that extent 以此為限 至此pro tempore pro tem temporarily for the time being 暫時 臨時in propria persona in one s own person in person 無律師代表 親自 出庭 qua as claimed by in the capacity of as 以 的身分 藉 的身分sed quaere but question 需再深入審查quantum as much 分量 總量 量 金額 額量quantum meruit as much as one has deserved the reasonable value of services 按服務計酬quantum valeba n t as much as it may be worth the reasonable value of goods and services 按值付價quasi as if 準 近似 類似quid pro quo something for something tit for tat 交換條件 對價 相等的補償in statu quo in statu quo ante in the same condition as previously 按原狀 維持原狀quo warranto by what authority a prerogative writ 追究職權或特權依據的令狀ratio decidendi the reason for a decision reasons for judgment 判詞主旨 判決理由res thing 物 財產res ipsa loquitur the thing speaks for itself the thing speaks for itself 不證自明 事實昭顯res gestae things done events which happened 已做的事 已成之事 有關事實 以別於傳聞 res judicata the thing has been decided a matter adjudged or settled by judgment also chose jugee 已判事項 既判案件 已判決的事項res nullius thing of no one 無主物 無主財產respondeat superior let that master or principal answer 由委託人答辯 委託人對代理人 或僱主對僱員等 所負的轉承責任 scienter knowingly knowingly 故意 知情 明知writ of scire facias sci fa let him or her know 告知令狀seriatim in series 依次 逐條 順序traversed seriatim in series 逐一拒認sine die without day indefinitely 無期 無限期 待續無期adjourned sine die without day indefinitely 無限期押後 休會待續無期sine qua non without which is not 不可或缺的causa sine qua non cause without which not 不可缺少的原因situs poistion situation 所在地stare decisis to stand by things decided and not to disturb settled points in full stare decisis et non quieta movere 遵循先例 遵照先例原則status quo the state in which the state at which things are or were 原狀 現狀status quo ante the situation that existed before something else occurred 原狀sua sponte on its own motion on its own motion 主動 自行sub nomine sub nom under the name under the name of 在 名 義 下subpoena under penalty 傳召subpoena ad respondendum commanded to appear and respond 傳召到庭答辯令狀subpoena ad testificandum commanded to appear and testify 着令出庭作證的傳召證人出庭令 着令出庭作證的傳召出庭令狀subpoena duces tecum commanded to bring all pertinent documents to court and testify 着令攜帶文件出庭的傳召證人出庭令 着令攜帶文件出庭的傳召出庭令狀suggestio falsi suggestion of an untruth 假聲明 虛假的提示或暗示sui generis of its own kind of its own kind 自成一類 獨特的 自成一類的writ of supersedeas you shall desist 中止訴訟程序的令狀Suppressio veri expressio falsi Suppression of the truth is the expression of what is false Also suppressio veri 隱瞞事實等於說謊supra above 以上 在上面的 見上文terra nullius land that belongs to nobody 無主地 無人擁有之地trial de novo trial anew 重審uberrima fides uberrimae fidei of the utmost good faith 符合絕對真誠原則ultra vires beyond strength 越權 越權的vel non or not whether or not 不論是否veto I forbid 否決vice versa the change being turned conversely 反之亦然vide see 見videlicet viz it is permitted to see to wit namely 即 就是vir et uxor husband and wife 夫婦民法術語或短語 英語直譯 定義及用法 中文翻譯accessio something added 在民法中 英语 Accession property law 即以創造方式將屬於數所有人之物進行合併成一新形態財產的獲取方式 其以不丟失原財產身份的方式向新財產中添加勞動成果或其他商品的合併新物權之法律運作 參考 commixtio 混合 及specificatio 規範 添附教會法術語或短語 英語直譯 定義及用法 中文翻譯advocatus diaboli Devil s advocate 在教會法中 對於封聖候選人的資格 即對宣福禮的認證及宣告 進行質疑的列聖審查官 聖審查官 直譯為魔鬼的訟辯人 備註在普通法中 更有理由 的論據是 來自更強理由的論證 意即 由於其中一個事實為真 也因此第二個 相關和包含在内的 事實也須為真 參考文獻Gabriel Adeleye amp Kofi Acquah Dadzie World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions A Resource for Readers and Writers Ed by Thomas J Sienkewicz amp James T McDonough Jr Wauconda Ill Bolchazy Carducci Publishers 1999 Ruben E Agpalo Agpalo s Legal Words and Phrases Manila Philippines Rex Book Store 1997 Harold Rudolf Walraven Gokkel amp Nicolaas van der Wal Juridisch Latijn 6th edn Deventer Kluwer 2001 V G Hiemstra amp H L Gonin Trilingual Legal Dictionary 3rd edn Cape Town South Africa Juta 2001 William Allen Jowitt Jowitt s Dictionary of English Law 2nd edn Revised by John Burke Clifford Walsh amp Emlyn Williams 2 vols London Sweet amp Maxwell 1977 Cezar C Peralejo amp Pacifico A Agabin English Filipino Legal Dictionary Quezon City Philippines Sentro ng Wikang Filipino University of the Philippines 1995 Theo B Rood Glossarium A Compilation of Latin Words and Phrases Generally Used in Law with English Translations Bryanston South Africa Proctrust Publications 2003 Jan Scholtemeijer amp Paul Hasse Legal Latin A Basic Course Pretoria South Africa J L van Schaik Publishers 1993 Datinder Sodhi amp R S Vasan eds Latin Words amp Phrases for Lawyers New York Law and Business Publications 1980 Russ VerSteeg Essential Latin for Lawyers Durham North Carolina Carolina Academic Press 1990 參見布爾查德法律格言 法律格言 法律原理 法律法語 拉丁文缩写列表 英语 List of Latin phrases full 謬誤列表外部連結latin legal terms 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆