倭马亚大清真寺(始建于705年)是伊斯兰教最主要的清真寺之一,位于叙利亚首都大马士革。该寺被认为是伊斯兰教的第四大圣寺。
奧米亞大清真寺 جامع بني أمية الكبير | |
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基本信息 | |
地区 | 黎凡特 |
位置 | 敘利亞大馬士革 |
宗教 | 伊斯蘭教 |
状态 | 現存 |
建筑详情 | |
建筑类型 | 清真寺 |
建筑风格 | (奧米亞王朝) |
竣工 | 715 |
建筑材料 | 石、大理石、(磁磚)、(馬賽克) |
宣禮塔 | 3 |
地圖 | |
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奧米亞大清真寺於大馬士革位置圖 |
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倭马亚清真寺最早是罗马帝国时期的朱庇特神殿,在392年罗马帝国定基督教为国教后改为圣约翰大教堂(纪念施洗约翰),为正教会(安提阿牧首区)下大马士革主教的主教座堂。叙利亚于7世纪为阿拉伯人征服后,圣约翰大教堂一度仍归基督教徒做礼拜之用。705年,倭马亚王朝的哈里发(瓦利德一世)接收了这座教堂,将其改为清真寺。瓦利德一世从拜占庭、叙利亚、埃及等地招集工匠,历时十年将清真寺建成。
在改造过程中,教堂的长方形布局被保存下来,但其余部分有多少被留用则不得而知。可以肯定的是,倭马亚清真寺有两座尖塔原来是教堂的望楼,第三座光塔则为瓦利德一世所建。
历史上,倭马亚清真寺曾经三次被焚毁。第一次是在1069年清真寺发生火灾;第二次是在1400年,中亚的征服者帖木儿(圍攻大馬士革)時纵火烧毁了清真寺;第三次是在1893年,清真寺再度发生火灾。
参考文献
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