阿拉伯語音系(Arabic phonology)是阿拉伯語的的描述。雖然許多語言有許多不同的方言,但當代阿拉伯語口語被更恰當地描述為變體的連續體。本文主要討論(現代標準阿拉伯語)(MSA),這是整個阿拉伯語地區受過教育的人共同使用的標準阿拉伯語變體。現代標準阿拉伯語用於正式印刷媒體的書面形式,以及多種類型的新聞廣播、演講,以及正式聲明中的口頭形式。
現代標準阿拉伯語語音在大多數的現代方言變體中有28個輔音音位、以及6個元音音位,或者8個或者10個元音。所有音素都在(咽化)輔音、與非強調輔音之間形成對比。其中一些音素已在各種現代方言中合併,而新的音位則是通過借用,或音位的拆分來引入。"音素的長度質量"適用於輔音、以及元音。
不同阿拉伯方言的音韻
阿拉伯語輔音的主要方言(變體)圍繞著六個輔音而展開;⟨⟩, ⟨⟩, ⟨⟩, ⟨⟩, ⟨⟩ 與 ⟨⟩:
字母 | 古典語音 | 現代標準語音 | 方言主要變體 | 不常見的變化 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ث | /θ/ | /θ/ | [θ] | [t] | [s] | [(f)] | |||||
ج | /gʲ/ or /ɟ/ | /d͡ʒ/ | [(d͡ʒ)] | [(ʒ)] | [ɡ] | [(ɟ)] | [j] | [d͡z] | [(d)] | ||
ذ | /ð/ | /ð/ | [(ð)] | [(d)] | [z] | [v] | |||||
(ض) | /ɮˤ/ | /dˤ/ | [dˤ] | [ðˤ] | [zˤ] | [(d)] | |||||
(ظ) | /ðˤ/ | /ðˤ/ | [ðˤ] | [dˤ] | [zˤ] | ||||||
(ق) | /q/ or /ɡ/ | /q/ | [(q)] | [ɡ] | [ʔ] | [(ɢ)] | [k] | [(d͡ʒ)] | [d͡z] | [(ɣ) ~ (ʁ)] |
註釋
- Kirchhoff & Vergyri (2005:38頁)
- Kirchhoff & Vergyri (2005:38–39頁)
- Holes (2004:57頁)
參考文獻
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, doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2013.06.002, (原始内容于2021-02-25)
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外部連結
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